What Is a Checking Account?

Checking accounts are used for day-to-day cash deposits and withdrawals. Banks and credit unions offer them, and you can access your money with a debit card, through online transfers or by writing checks. They are typically federally insured up to $250,000 by either the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. or the National Credit Union Administration.

Here’s a closer look at checking accounts, plus some tips for selecting the right account for you.

A checking account is an all-purpose place to keep money for short- to medium-term financial needs. Your employer can directly deposit your paychecks in the account, you can link it to payment apps such as Venmo and PayPal, you can make wire transfers and mobile check deposits, you can pay bills from it and more. A checking account is a building block to manage your money and make financial tasks easier.

» More from NerdWallet: Compare peer-to-peer payment apps

Checking accounts typically come with personal checks and a debit or ATM card. Savings accounts aren’t meant to be used for daily payments, so they don’t come with debit cards or check-writing abilities. Though you can use checking accounts for check writing, you'll probably use a debit or ATM card to access the money in your account more often.

Checking accounts tend to have lower interest rates than savings accounts. Certain providers, typically online-only financial institutions, offer checking accounts with higher interest rates than checking accounts at brick-and-mortar banks, but savings and money market accounts still typically have higher interest rates. The national average savings rate is currently 0.45%, whereas the national interest checking rate is only 0.07%.

» Checking versus savings account: the difference and how to choose

• Online checking. These accounts are best if you want low or no fees and don't need branch access.

• Rewards checking or high-interest checking. You'll want to consider these accounts if you're looking to make some money on your account and are willing to meet some requirements.

• Student checking or teen checking. These accounts are good for young adults who are under 18 and/or are enrolled in high school, college or a vocational school.

• Second chance checking. Second chance checking accounts are designed for people who have had a problematic banking history due to issues such as not paying overdraft fees. These accounts usually come with monthly fees, but they can be helpful for people who otherwise have difficulty opening a bank account because of a record with a consumer reporting agency like ChexSystems. 

• Premium checking. Premium checking accounts typically require a high minimum balance and come with money management features and special customer service offerings. 

• Senior checking. Senior checking accounts, designed to appeal to customers who are 55 and older, typically offer ways to waive fees and may offer perks such as free personal checks and money orders. 

• Business checking. If you’re a business owner, you may want to take advantage of the benefits offered with business-specific checking accounts.

Fees can put an unnecessary dent in your pocket. Here are some to be aware of:

• Monthly maintenance fees. Some providers will waive the monthly fee if you meet certain criteria, such as keeping a minimum balance or setting up direct deposit. Read the fine print before opening an account.

» Want to avoid monthly fees? Take a look at the Best Free Checking Accounts

• Overdraft fees. These fees are charged when you spend more than you have in your account and choose to enroll in a feature called overdraft protection. These fees can be expensive; some banks charge $30 or more per overdraft — though the average cost of overdraft fees has been decreasing — and can charge that fee multiple times per day.

Here are some things to do before opening a new checking account:

• Look for low or no fees and a low or no minimum balance. The best checking accounts don’t charge fees or require high minimum balances.

• Check for a broad ATM network. If you anticipate that you’ll need to deposit and withdraw cash regularly, look for an account at an institution that has a network of ATMs that you can access.

• See if the account has an interest rate. Most checking accounts offer low or no interest, but you may find an account that offers a good rate.

• Look for sign-up bonuses. Some providers will give you money for opening an account with them; here are the best bonuses this month. You shouldn’t pick an account based solely on a promotion, but it could help you decide between two comparable options. Keep in mind that bonuses are taxable and that you may need to meet certain requirements to qualify for a bonus. 

• Consider credit unions, online banks and nonbank financial service providers as well. These institutions can have certain advantages that traditional brick-and-mortar banks might not. Online providers tend to have low or no fees, high interest rates and user-friendly mobile banking capabilities. Credit unions often focus on providing good customer service and higher interest rates than traditional banks.

Once you’ve chosen a bank that seems like it will meet your needs, go through the bank’s process for applying for a new account.

You’ll need some important information and documents, such as proof of identification or your Social Security number.

» Learn more: How to open a checking account online

Once you’ve opened a new account, you may want to set up some of your account features to make it easier to manage your finances. That may include signing up for direct deposit and online payments, and scheduling automatic transfers to your savings account to shore up your emergency fund. These features and more will make you happy you found a place to park — and use — your cash.