How to Set Financial Goals

It’s natural to feel lost or overwhelmed as you begin to think about setting and balancing financial goals. Start by answering this question: How do you define success?

For some, success is a luxurious lifestyle complete with a big house and fancy car. For others, it’s having enough financial security to avoid stressing about money. Visualize where you want to be in the future and set aspirations that align with your values. Make sure to leave room for immediate goals as you form a plan.

Here’s how to set new money goals.

1. Find your inspiration

Think not just about what you want to do, but why you want to do it. Attaching reasons to your goals can put them in perspective and fuel motivation. For example:

• Build up an emergency fund so you can afford to pay rent if you lose your job.

• Get rid of credit card debt so you can put your income toward a wedding instead of interest payments.

Starting with your inspiration can also help you identify whether your ambitions are short-term, long-term or have yet to be identified. Once you categorize your goals, you can prioritize which ones to tackle first. Here’s the difference between short- and long-term financial goals:

Short-term financial goals

Short-term goals serve immediate plans, such as those happening within weeks, months or a few years. If your inspiration is to build an emergency fund, this would be categorized as a short-term goal because you likely will be able to accomplish this more quickly than paying off something like a home mortgage.

Long-term financial goals

Long-term goals take you far into your future — think college or retirement. While many goals fall within short- or long-term ranges, some goals may land between the two. If you want to buy a car, for example, this could take longer to achieve than other short-term goals, but less time than saving for retirement.

2. Examine your situation

After giving it some thought, you may have multiple goals in mind and don’t know what to do next. Or maybe you don’t have specific goals. That’s OK. Looking at where you stand right now can help set you on the right trajectory, whether your ambitions are short term, long term or have yet to be identified.

Start by assessing your income, income tax situation, budget and net worth. “Having an understanding of these four things will help determine goals and prioritization of those goals,” says Steve Martin, wealth planning advisor at Oasis Wealth Planning Advisors in Nashville, Tennessee.

We’ve listed some example financial goals below, and recommend attacking them in this order:

Create a budget

If you don’t have a budget, make one. This can keep all your other goals on track by preventing overspending and under-saving. We suggest taking the 50/30/20 budgeting approach. That means allocating 50% of your income toward needs, 30% toward wants and 20% toward savings and debt repayment.

Build an emergency fund

A healthy emergency reserve acts as a safety net during financial shocks like an unexpected bill or job loss. You can start with aiming to have $500 on hand, which can cover many unexpected expenses. Over the long haul, it's ideal to save up enough to cover three to six months of your essential expenses — the needs portion of the 50/30/20 budget mentioned above.

Save for retirement

Retirement may be decades away, but it’s important to start saving as early as possible so that you have enough money to survive on when the time comes. Most experts recommend saving 15% of your gross income each year. If your employer offers a 401(k) and matches your contributions, take full advantage of that free money. Factor in whether you're managing money as a single person or working with a partner.

Pay off debt

Focus on paying down high-interest toxic debt first, like credit card debt or payday loans. Then, pay down lower-rate debt like student loans or a mortgage.

3. Think 'SMART'

Consider all the necessary pieces of a plan — not just the goal, but the steps you’ll take to reach it. Quentara Costa, a certified financial planner with Powwow in North Andover, Massachusetts, says a strong basis for setting any goal is to make sure it’s “SMART”:

• Specific

• Measurable

• Achievable

• Realistic

• Time-bound

Say you want to save for a vacation. Lay out the details before you move forward: Pick a destination, decide when you want to go and estimate the cost. Determine whether this goal is doable and practical given your income, savings and expenses. If the goal seems out of reach, try to make adjustments before scrapping the idea entirely.

Maybe you’re not on track to save enough for a trip in six months. Push your deadline back to a year, automate your savings, or open a new savings account with a higher interest rate and a sign-up bonus to speed up your progress.

4. Write them down

After you’ve identified and vetted your goals, mark them down. This can keep objectives clear, organized and tangible. Fill out a worksheet or spreadsheet, or use a notepad. Check in periodically and track your progress. Once you’ve crossed off one goal, move on to the next.

5. Treat yourself

Setting goals doesn’t have to feel like a chore. Reward yourself for making progress and completing objectives. Once you’ve tackled high-priority goals like building an emergency fund, saving for retirement and shrinking debt, you can focus on more exciting goals. These might include making more money, investing, working from home, starting a business or saving for a major purchase like a car or house.