Recourse vs. Non-Recourse Factoring: What’s the Difference?

Factoring, also known as invoice factoring or accounts receivable factoring, is when a business owner sells their outstanding invoices to a factoring company at a discount. The factoring company pays the business owner a percentage of the invoice amount up front and then takes responsibility for collecting repayment from the business’s customers. Factoring is a way for business owners to get capital without having to take out a small-business loan.

There are two types of invoice factoring — recourse and non-recourse factoring — which differ in several ways, including typical fees, qualification requirements and which party is responsible for nonpayment.

Here’s what you need to know about recourse factoring and non-recourse factoring.

What is recourse factoring?

Recourse factoring is the most common type of invoice factoring. With a recourse factoring agreement, you are ultimately held responsible for the debt if your customers fail to pay.

The factoring company should make every effort to collect repayment on your behalf. However, if unsuccessful, it can demand compensation from you. In this case, you are required to buy back that invoice from the factoring company — in other words, repay the funds it is currently owed — and attempt to collect the debt from customers yourself.

You ultimately accept the loss if you cannot collect from your customers. Therefore, with recourse factoring, you, the borrower, assume more of the risk associated with possible nonpayment.

What is non-recourse factoring?

Non-recourse factoring, on the other hand, means the factoring company assumes most of the risk of nonpayment by your customers. With a non-recourse factoring agreement, the factoring company is ultimately responsible for all attempts to collect payment from your customers, and if your customers don’t repay, the factoring company accepts that loss.

However, some non-recourse factoring agreements only cover specific situations. In this case, you may still be responsible for the debt if your customer doesn’t pay. For example, a factoring company might limit non-recourse to customer businesses that have closed or declared bankruptcy, thus holding you, the borrower, liable for any outstanding debt.

Because non-recourse factoring is riskier for the factoring company, it’s less common than recourse factoring. If a company does offer non-recourse factoring, you’ll typically need to show that your customers have consistent records of on-time payments and strong credit histories to qualify.

» MORE: How to qualify for a small-business loan

Non-recourse factoring companies

If a factoring company doesn’t require you to re-purchase unpaid invoices in the loan agreement, it is executing a non-recourse factoring agreement. Though it’s much less common to find non-recourse factoring companies, they do exist. For example, Riviera Finance is a factoring company that offers non-recourse factoring at up to 95% or your net-30 invoices in as little as 24 hours. Another non-recourse factoring company is OTR Solutions, which offers factoring for trucking companies on net-30, -60, and -90 day invoices, as quickly as the same day.

» Invoice factoring not for you? Consider invoice financing instead

Differences between recourse and non-recourse factoring

The main difference between recourse factoring and non-recourse factoring is which party is ultimately held responsible for customer nonpayment.

With recourse factoring, the business is responsible. But with non-recourse factoring, the factoring company is responsible, although there may be some stipulations based on the terms of the agreement.

As a result, you’ll often see the following differences between these two types of factoring:

Choosing recourse or non-recourse factoring

Generally, accounts receivable factoring can help business-to-business companies access capital to manage cash flow issues or cover short-term expenses. Factoring is also a good option if you can’t qualify for other business loans, such as bank loans or SBA loans.

If you’re trying to choose between the two types of invoice factoring, there are a couple of things to consider for each one.

Reasons to choose recourse factoring

• You work with reliable, creditworthy customers. Although recourse factoring is riskier for you, the borrower, you can minimize that risk by ensuring that you work with customers who make their payments consistently and on time. You don’t have to be held responsible for nonpayments if your customers make their payments.

• You want lower fees and higher advance rates. Since your business is taking on the risk of nonpayment, you’ll typically receive lower fees and higher advance rates with recourse factoring. This means you’ll receive a greater amount of capital upfront, and you’ll be paying less in fees, especially if your customers are reliable and pay in a timely fashion.

Reasons to choose non-recourse factoring

• You work with risky customers. If your customers don’t have the strongest records of on-time payments and fair credit histories, you might prefer non-recourse factoring. Depending on the terms of your agreement, non-recourse factoring can protect your business from the liability associated with nonpayment from those customers. Keep in mind, however, that you may not be able to qualify for non-recourse factoring if your customers are unreliable.

• You don’t want to take on the risk associated with nonpayment. If you’re unwilling to take responsibility for the debt if your customers don’t pay, you might choose non-recourse factoring. As long as you have the credentials to qualify, this is a possible option. However, you will likely receive higher factor fees and lower advance rates in exchange for that sense of security.