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10 Key IRS Tax Forms, Schedules and Publications for 2024
Here are some major IRS tax forms, schedules and publications everyone should know.
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Tina Orem Assistant Assigning Editor | Taxes, small business, Social Security and estate planning, home services
Tina Orem is an editor at NerdWallet. Prior to becoming an editor, she covered small business and taxes at NerdWallet. She has been a financial writer and editor for over 15 years, and she has a degree in finance, as well as a master's degree in journalism and a Master of Business Administration. Previously, she was a financial analyst and director of finance for several public and private companies. Tina's work has appeared in a variety of local and national media outlets.
Chris Hutchison helped build NerdWallet's content operation and has worked across banking, investing and taxes. He now leads a team exploring new markets. Before joining NerdWallet, he was an editor and programmer at ESPN and a copy editor at the San Jose Mercury News.
IRS tax forms are documents used to report certain financial transactions, calculate taxes owed and prepare tax returns. There are hundreds of IRS forms, and the agency reissues many of them annually to incorporate changes in tax rules.
If you're filing using tax software, chances are the program will file any paperwork you need on your behalf. Still, it can be good to familiarize yourself with common IRS tax forms, what they mean and where to get them.
10 Common IRS tax forms and schedules
Here are ten common IRS forms and schedules you should know about before you file your taxes. The W-2, 1098 and 1099 are documents that may be sent to you from a third party with information you’ll need to file your taxes. The others are IRS forms that you might need to fill out as part of preparing your tax return.
1. Form 1040 and Form 1040-SR
IRS Form 1040 is the standard federal income tax form people use to report their income, claim tax deductions and credits, and calculate their tax refund or tax bill for the year. There are three schedules that you may or may not have to tack onto it, depending on your tax situation and whether you want to claim certain deductions and credits.
There used to be three variations of Form 1040 (the 1040EZ, the 1040A and the "long form" 1040). They covered simple to complex tax situations. Now there’s just the 1040 and the 1040-SR for seniors.
You can get the 1040 and read its instructions on the IRS website
Schedule A is for itemizing your deductions — property taxes, charitable contributions, mortgage interest, state taxes, medical expenses or a myriad of other tax breaks. Its tax-bill-reducing powers make it one of the single most valuable IRS forms in the stack.
You can get this IRS form and its instructions on the agency's website
This form tallies all the taxable interest and dividends over $1,500 that you received during the year. Note the word "taxable." The lower the total, the lower your tax bill, which is one reason tax-advantaged accounts such as IRAs and 401(k)s can be so valuable — they can help cut your taxable income.
You can get this IRS form and its instructions on the agency's website
4. Schedule C: For freelancers or small business owners
Schedule C is where you report the profits and losses from freelancing, side gigs or contractor work. It’s also where you can deduct expenses related to the growth and development of your business, such as advertising, home office expenses or office supplies.
You can get this IRS form and its instructions on the agency's website
If you trade stocks, bonds or other instruments, Schedule D is for you. It’s where you tally your capital gains and losses for the year. If you’re like most investors, some of your investments probably did well, and some probably didn’t. Report both types: Up to $3,000 of your net losses could be deductible ($1,500 for those married and filing separately), and Schedule D is where that mathematical magic happens. You’ll likely need information from other IRS forms called 1099s (see below) to get it done.
You can get this IRS form and its instructions on the agency's website
A W-2 is an IRS form your employer sends to you in January or early February. It shows how much your employer paid you during the year, what you contributed to your employer-sponsored retirement plan and the amount of taxes withheld on your behalf. A copy goes to the IRS, so be sure you report this information accurately.
Side note: The W-2 has a cousin called the W-4, which you fill for your employer when you get a new job. If you got a huge refund last year, tweak your W-4 to reduce your how much tax your employer is taking out of your paycheck — otherwise, you may be needlessly living on less throughout the year.
You can get this IRS form and its instructions on the agency's website
7. Form 1098: Mortgage or student loan interest you paid
If you have a mortgage, you’ll get a 1098 form in the mail or your inbox. It shows the interest ($600 or more) you paid on your home loan during the year, and that mortgage interest is generally deductible. Students might get a 1098-T, which reports tuition payments they’ve made, or a 1098-E, which reports the interest they’ve paid on their student loans. Student loan interest and tuition payments may also be deductible.
You can get these IRS forms and their instructions on the agency's website
8. Form 1099: Various forms of income you received
The 1099 tax form comes in several flavors, but the big five are the 1099-DIV, 1099-INT, 1099-B, 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC. These IRS forms are all records of income you’ve received from a source other than your employer, and whoever sent you one also sent the IRS a copy, so don’t forget to report it on your return.
In a nutshell, the 1099-DIV reports dividends and distributions from investments; the 1099-INT reports interest you earned on investments; the 1099-B comes from a broker and lists your reportable investment activity; and the 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC are for most everything else not derived from investments, such as money a client paid you for freelance work.
You can get these IRS forms and their instructions on the agency's website
If you filed your return and then realized you made an error, the 1040-X can help. You may need to include copies of your other tax forms when you file it. If you find out you owe more due to your mistake, you can still pay the IRS online.
You can get this IRS form and its instructions on the agency's website
File Form 4868 with the IRS by the April deadline — you can even do it online — and you’ll buy yourself a tax extension until October. But be aware that you have to make a good estimate of what you owe the IRS and send in some or all of that amount along with your extension request.
If the estimated tax payment you send in April is less than what you actually owe, you’ll need to pay interest on the difference. And don’t miss your extended deadline: You could face a late-filing penalty of 5% of the amount due for every month or partial month your return is late.
You can get this IRS form and its instructions on the agency's website
Here are a few ways to get the IRS forms you need to do your taxes.
Online. The IRS website has current and prior-year tax forms, schedules and instructions you can download as PDFs or print out. The agency also offers Braille-ready formats that work with screen enlargers, screen-reading software or embossed printing
